Nhaurirano ichangobva kuitika—uye kuchinja kwemitemo—pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemamasiki ekudzivirira kupararira kweCovid-19 zvinoratidza mwero wakajeka wezvinhu zviviri. Neimwe chikonzero, tave tichitarisa nyaya iyi yehutano hweveruzhinji zvakasiyana. Hationi ma op-eds anobvunza kana vanhu vachifanira kugara kure nemakiromita matanhatu mumugwagwa, kusiyana nemamita matatu, kana kuti anoisa mubvunzo pamusoro pekuti ipfungwa yakanaka here kukurudzira nguva dzekugeza maoko dzine masekondi makumi maviri. Asi kana zvasvika pakufukidza zviso zvedu, nyanzvi dzakashandisa kungwarira kwakanyanya. Mumavhiki apfuura, nyanzvi dzakapa zano rekuti vanhu vangwarire—kana kuti vakaramba kushandiswa kwemamasiki neveruzhinji—sezvavakakumbira humbowo huri nani uye hwakasimba. Sei?
Vane chokwadi, hongu, kuti mabhuku ekutsvagisa nezvekushandiswa kwemasiki haapi mhinduro dzakakwana. Hapana miedzo mikuru yekiriniki inoratidza kuti kushandisa masks pachako kunogona kudzivirira kupararira kwedenda; uye iyo inotarisa masks nefuruwenza yakaburitsa mhedzisiro isina chokwadi. Asi humbowo uhu hushoma hahutiudzi zvakawanda, chero nzira: Miedzo iyi hairatidzi kuti masks inobatsira, kana kuti ine njodzi kana kuti kutambisa nguva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvidzidzo izvi zvave zvishoma uye zvakazara nematambudziko enzira.
Semuenzaniso, funga nezvekuedzwa kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemasiki pakati pevadzidzi vekukoreji vekuUS mumwaka wefuruwenza wa2006-07. Kudzikira kwezvirwere pakati peavo vakapfeka masiki muchidzidzo ichocho kwakanga kusina kukosha. Asi nekuda kwekuti tsvakiridzo iyi yakaitwa munguva yakazove mwaka wefuruwenza, ongororo iyi yakanga isina simba rehuwandu hwemashoko emubvunzo iwoyo; pakanga pasina vanhu vakakwana kuti vaongorori vaone kana kupfeka masiki kwakavandudza hutsanana hwemaoko chete. Havana kukwanisawo kubvisa mukana wekuti vadzidzi vakanga vatove nehutachiona bvunzo isati yatanga.
Kana kuti tora imwe ongororo yemwaka mumwe chete wefuruwenza, panguva ino muAustralia, iyo isina kuwana mhedzisiro chaiyo. Iyoyo yakatarisa vanhu vakuru vanogara nevana vane furuwenza. Vasingasviki hafu yevanhu vakangosarudzwa muboka revaipfeka masiki vakataura kuti vaiashandisa "nguva zhinji kana kuti nguva dzese." Kutaura zvazviri, vaiwanzorara padivi pevana vavo vanorwara vasina iwo. Izvi hazvina kufanana nemubvunzo wekuti unofanira kupfeka masiki pakati pevanhu vausingazive muchitoro chezvitoro here pakati pedenda.
Asi hechino chinhu: Munhu anogona kunyunyuta zvakafanana nezvehumbowo hunotsigira kushandiswa kwemasiki nevashandi vehutano. Kunyange hazvo munhu wese achibvumirana kuti tsika iyi yakakosha zvikuru muzvipatara nemakiriniki, hazvisi nekuti tine humbowo hunogutsa kubva mumiedzo isina kurongeka. Miedzo mishoma yatinayo yekushandisa masks kuvashandi vehutano kudzivirira furuwenza hairatidzi mhedzisiro yakajeka; uye haigone kuratidza kuti ma respirators eN95 anoshanda zviri nani pane ma surgery masks. Miedzo iyoyo haina kunakawo. Semuenzaniso, mumwe akaedza kushanda kwema cloth masks nekuenzanisa vashandi vehutano vaiapfeka nevaya vaipfeka ma surgery masks kana ma respirators, uye zvakare neboka re control raitevera "standard practice" muchipatara. Zvakazoonekwa kuti ruzhinji rwevashandi muboka re control vaive vakapfeka ma surgery masks chero zvakadaro, saka chidzidzo ichi hachina kukwanisa kuratidza kana ma cloth masks aive nani (kana kuti akaipa) pane kusapfeka ma maski zvachose.
Zvechokwadi, hwaro hwesainzi hwevashandi vehutano vanoshandisa masiki hahubvi mukuyedzwa kwekiriniki kwezvirwere zvefuruwenza kana denda. Hunobva mukuyedzwa kwemurabhoritari kunoratidza kuti masiki anogona kudzivirira tupukanana twemavhairasi kuti tisapinde—kune angangoita gumi nemaviri acho—uye kubva muzvidzidzo zvekudzivirira nyaya panguva yedenda re coronavirus ra2003 rakakonzera SARS. Zvidzidzo zveSARS izvozvo hazvina kungogumira kuvashandi vehutano chete.
Ichokwadi kuti vashandi vehutano kana vamwe vanhu vanotarisira vanhu vane Covid-19 vanosangana nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwe coronavirus kupfuura chero ani zvake. Panyaya yekushomeka kwemask, zviri pachena kuti vane mukana wekutanga wekuwana. Asi ichocho hachisi chikonzero chekuti hapana rutsigiro rwekushandiswa kwemask nevamwe vese. Pamusoro pezvose, hapana miedzo yekiriniki inoratidza kuti daro remamita matanhatu rinodzivirira hutachiona, sekuziva kwedu. (Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinongokurudzira kuparadzaniswa kwemamita matatu chete.) Uye miedzo yekiriniki hairatidzi kuti kugeza maoko edu kwemasekonzi makumi maviri kwakanaka kupfuura kuita izvozvo kwemasekonzi gumi kana zvasvika pakuderedza kupararira kwechirwere mudenda rezvirwere zvekufema. Hwaro hwesainzi hwezano rekugeza maoko remasekondi makumi maviri kubva kuUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention rinobva muzvidzidzo zverabhoritari zvinoyera hutachiona mumaoko mushure menguva dzakasiyana dzekugeza.
Saka chii chakabva papfungwa iyi ine chekuita nemasiki ekumeso—uye nei yakazobviswa pakupedzisira?
Ndinofunga kuti imhaka yekuti tagara tichideredza hutachiona uhu, uku tichinyanya kufunga nezvekugona kwedu kubata nahwo. Miao Hua, nyanzvi yezvevanhu uye chiremba paMount Sinai Hospital muNew York City, akashamiswa nekusiyana kwemafungiro pamusoro pekutonga hutachiona muUS zvichienzaniswa neWuhan. MuChina, akanyora mavhiki mashoma apfuura, kupararira kwezvipatara kwakadzima pfungwa yekuti nzira dzekudzivirira hutachiona dzaizokwana kumisa coronavirus itsva iyi. Zvaainzwa kubva kuChina zvaishamisa, akadaro, uye zvichinyanya kunetseka tichifunga nezve "kutadza kwenharaunda yekurapa yeAmerica kunyora kusiyana kweCovid-19 munhoroondo".
Kuchinja kwemutemo weCDC munguva pfupi yapfuura pakutsigira masikisi kunoratidza kuti kubvuma uku kwave nenguva refu kungave kwakaitwa. Chirevo chesangano iri chinoti shanduko iyi yakakonzerwa nekuunganidza humbowo hwekuti chirwere ichi hachitapurirwi nenzira imwecheteyo nefuruwenza: kuti vanhu vanogona kutapurirana uye kusaratidza zviratidzo, uye kuti hutachiona hunogona kupararira nekutaura, pamwe nekukosora, kuhotsira, uye kubata nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa.
Ini ndinofunga kusada kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemasiki neveruzhinji, pamwe nekushandiswa kwemitemo miviri yekutsigira humbowo, kwakakonzerwawo nekunetsekana kwekuti vanhu havazokwanisi kushandisa masiki vasina kuzvisvibisa. Kana kuti masiki aizopa pfungwa yenhema yekuchengetedzeka, zvichiita kuti varege kuswedera pedyo nevamwe kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kutaurirana kunobudirira kwakakosha pano, sezvazvakaita pakushandisa nzira yakakwana yekugeza maoko. Stella Quah, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu paYunivhesiti yeSingapore, akadzidza nezvemagariro evanhu edenda reSARS muSingapore, uko chirongwa chehutano hweveruzhinji chaisanganisira dzidzo nezvehutsanana hwemaoko, pamwe nekuongorora tembiricha uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemasiki echiso. CDC yakachinja gwara rayo remasiki echiso neChishanu chapfuura, ndokuzoburitsa mamwe mazano mashoma ekuti ungaapfeka sei uye uabvise sei, pamwe chete nemirairo yekugadzira yako kubva musanganiswa wemabhanana nemafirita ekofi.
Dzidzo yakawanda kupfuura iyoyo ichave yakakosha, zvakadaro, kana mifananidzo yese yatiri kuona paTV yevanhu vane masiki asina kufukidza mhino dzavo kana chirebvu chiri chinhu chekutevera. Nhoroondo yazvino ine chidzidzo chimwe chete. Mushure meDutu reKatrina, michina yekufema yakakurudzirwa kune chero ani zvake anoita basa rekugadzirisa chakuvhuvhu muNew Orleans. Chidzidzo chekuti izvi zvakashanda sei kune vanhu 538 vakangoerekana vawana vanhu chakaratidza kudiwa kwedzidzo: 24 muzana chete ndivo vaipfeka zvakanaka, uye kazhinji vaive vanhu vakamboshandisa; panguva imwe chete 22 muzana yevanhu vaipfeka michina yavo yekufema yakakotama. Vanyori vechidzidzo ichocho vakagumisa vachiti: "Kupindira mukuvandudza kufema kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvako mukuronga kana denda refuruwenza nenjodzi." Chidzidzo cha2014 muWuhan chakawana kuti kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemidziyo yekufema muvashandi vasiri vehutano kwaive kwakanyanya mushure mekudzidziswa.
Kushandiswa kwemamasiki kwakapararira (uye kwakakodzera) kwaigona here kuita mutsauko apo hutachiona hwakabuda muhutachiona? Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2018 naJin Yan nevamwe vake vekuUS Food and Drug Administration vakagadzira modhi yakavakirwa pafungidziro kubva kudata remurabhoritari. Vakagumisa kuti kana 20 muzana chete yevanhu vakashandisa masiki, hazvizove nemusiyano pakupararira kwefuruwenza. Zvisinei, pakutevera 50 muzana, nekushandisa masiki ekuvhiya ane high-filtration, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunge yakakura. Izvozvo zvinongoitika zvekufungidzira, uye tinoziva kuti kubuda kweCovid-19 kwave kuri munzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa masiki zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana denda risingadzoreki, kunyange chikamu chidiki chinokosha.
Pakupedzisira, zvakaoma kutiza fungidziro yekuti kuvirirana kwemasiki hakuna chekuita nesainzi asi musiyano wetsika pamusoro pemaitiro edu ekurwisa denda. Musiyano uyu wave pachena kubvira padenda rekutanga re coronavirus, SARS, iro rakachinja mafungiro nemaitiro ehutano hwevanhu muAsia. Hazvisi zvemasiki chete: Nyika dzisiri dzeAsia dzakaitawo zvakasiyana pakuongorora tembiricha dzevanhu kana kuuraya utachiona munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Hapana chitsva nezvetsika iyi, zvakadaro. Tinowanzo kumbira humbowo hwakakosha kana tsika isingaenderane nepfungwa dzedu dzatagara tiinadzo. Izvozvo, zvinosuwisa, zvakajairika; uye masayendisiti haana dziviriro.
WIRED iri kupa mukana wemahara wekuwana nyaya dzehutano hwevanhu uye maitiro ekuzvidzivirira munguva yedenda re coronavirus. Nyorera tsamba yedu yenhau yeCoronavirus Update kuti uwane nhau dzichangoburwa, uye nyorera kuti utsigire nhau dzedu.
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Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-09-2020